焊煙除塵設(shè)備是控制焊接作業(yè)中有害煙塵擴散的關(guān)鍵設(shè)施，其安裝質(zhì)量直接影響除塵效率、運行穩(wěn)定性及作業(yè)安全。安裝過程需兼顧煙塵捕捉、設(shè)備性能發(fā)揮與操作便利性，通過科學規(guī)范的施工確保設(shè)備長期有效運行。

　　Welding smoke and dust removal equipment is a key facility for controlling the spread of harmful smoke and dust during welding operations. Its installation quality directly affects dust removal efficiency, operational stability, and operational safety. The installation process should take into account smoke and dust capture, equipment performance, and operational convenience, and ensure long-term effective operation of the equipment through scientific and standardized construction.

　　安裝位置的選擇需以高效捕捉煙塵為核心。設(shè)備應(yīng)靠近焊接作業(yè)點，吸氣臂或吸氣罩的覆蓋范圍需與焊接工位精準匹配，吸氣口與焊點的距離要合理，過遠會導(dǎo)致吸力不足，無法有效捕捉煙塵；過近則可能干擾焊接操作，甚至被火花灼傷。對于多個焊接工位的車間，需根據(jù)作業(yè)布局確定主設(shè)備安裝位置，主管道應(yīng)沿車間立柱或墻壁敷設(shè)，縮短支管長度，減少管道阻力，避免因管道過長導(dǎo)致末端吸力衰減。室外安裝的設(shè)備需選擇通風良好、地勢較高的區(qū)域，遠離易燃易爆物品，同時加裝防雨棚，防止雨水進入設(shè)備內(nèi)部影響濾料性能，冬季寒冷地區(qū)還需考慮設(shè)備保溫，避免管道內(nèi)水汽凝結(jié)堵塞濾料。

　　The selection of installation location should focus on efficient capture of smoke and dust. The equipment should be close to the welding operation point, and the coverage range of the suction arm or suction hood should be accurately matched with the welding station. The distance between the suction port and the welding point should be reasonable. If it is too far away, it will result in insufficient suction and unable to effectively capture smoke and dust; Getting too close may interfere with welding operations and even cause spark burns. For workshops with multiple welding stations, the installation position of the main equipment should be determined based on the job layout. The main pipeline should be laid along the workshop columns or walls to shorten the length of branch pipes, reduce pipeline resistance, and avoid the attenuation of end suction caused by excessively long pipelines. Outdoor equipment should be installed in areas with good ventilation and high terrain, away from flammable and explosive materials. At the same time, rain shelters should be installed to prevent rainwater from entering the equipment and affecting the performance of the filter material. In cold winter areas, equipment insulation should also be considered to avoid water vapor condensation and blockage of the filter material in the pipeline.

　　管道系統(tǒng)的連接質(zhì)量影響除塵效果與設(shè)備壽命。管道材質(zhì)需根據(jù)焊接煙塵特性選擇，焊接煙塵溫度較高且含有金屬顆粒，應(yīng)采用耐高溫、耐磨的管道，避免使用塑料管道因高溫變形。管道直徑需與設(shè)備處理風量匹配，直徑過小會導(dǎo)致風速過高，加劇管道磨損和能耗上升；直徑過大會使風速不足，煙塵易在管道內(nèi)沉積堵塞。管道連接應(yīng)保持密封，法蘭連接處需加裝耐高溫密封墊，避免漏風，漏風率過高時，設(shè)備吸力會明顯下降，除塵效率降低。管道轉(zhuǎn)彎處應(yīng)采用緩彎設(shè)計，減少局部阻力，同時在彎頭底部設(shè)置清灰口，方便定期清理沉積的煙塵，防止長期堆積引發(fā)管道堵塞或火災(zāi)風險。

　　The connection quality of the pipeline system affects the dust removal effect and equipment life. The material of the pipeline should be selected based on the characteristics of welding fumes. Welding fumes have high temperatures and contain metal particles. High temperature resistant and wear-resistant pipelines should be used to avoid deformation of plastic pipelines due to high temperatures. The diameter of the pipeline needs to match the air volume processed by the equipment. A diameter that is too small can lead to high wind speed, exacerbating pipeline wear and increasing energy consumption; If the diameter is too large, the wind speed will be insufficient, and smoke and dust are prone to deposit and block in the pipeline. Pipeline connections should be kept sealed, and high-temperature resistant gaskets should be installed at flange connections to avoid air leakage. When the air leakage rate is too high, the equipment suction will significantly decrease and the dust removal efficiency will be reduced. A gentle bend design should be adopted at the turning point of the pipeline to reduce local resistance. At the same time, a dust cleaning port should be set at the bottom of the bend to facilitate regular cleaning of accumulated smoke and dust, and prevent long-term accumulation from causing pipeline blockage or fire risks.

　　設(shè)備固定與基礎(chǔ)處理需確保運行穩(wěn)定。大型焊煙除塵設(shè)備需澆筑混凝土基礎(chǔ)，基礎(chǔ)平整度誤差要在允許范圍內(nèi)，避免設(shè)備運行時因受力不均產(chǎn)生振動，導(dǎo)致部件松動或管道連接處開裂?；A(chǔ)預(yù)埋件需與設(shè)備底座牢固連接，螺栓擰緊力矩符合規(guī)范，防止設(shè)備在風機運行時產(chǎn)生位移。小型移動式除塵設(shè)備需放置在平整地面，加裝防滑墊，確保移動輪鎖定可靠，避免作業(yè)時因設(shè)備滑動影響吸氣口對位。設(shè)備與基礎(chǔ)之間應(yīng)加裝減震墊，降低風機運行產(chǎn)生的振動噪音，同時減少振動對周邊設(shè)備和建筑結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。

　　Equipment fixation and basic treatment need to ensure stable operation. Large welding smoke dust removal equipment requires pouring concrete foundations, and the flatness error of the foundation should be within the allowable range to avoid vibration caused by uneven force during equipment operation, which may lead to loose components or cracking at pipeline connections. The foundation embedded parts need to be firmly connected to the equipment base, and the bolt tightening torque should comply with the specifications to prevent displacement of the equipment during fan operation. Small mobile dust removal equipment should be placed on a flat ground and equipped with anti slip pads to ensure reliable locking of the moving wheels and avoid affecting the alignment of the suction port due to equipment sliding during operation. A shock-absorbing pad should be installed between the equipment and the foundation to reduce the vibration noise generated by the operation of the fan, and to minimize the impact of vibration on surrounding equipment and building structures.

　　電氣系統(tǒng)安裝需符合安全規(guī)范。設(shè)備電源線應(yīng)選用符合載流量要求的電纜，穿管敷設(shè)并做好防水、防火處理，接線端子牢固連接，避免虛接產(chǎn)生電火花。控制電路需加裝過載保護、短路保護裝置，當設(shè)備出現(xiàn)電機過載、濾料堵塞等故障時，能自動停機并發(fā)出警報，防止設(shè)備損壞或引發(fā)安全事故。焊接作業(yè)區(qū)與除塵設(shè)備的電氣系統(tǒng)需保持安全距離，避免焊接電流干擾設(shè)備控制電路，必要時加裝隔離變壓器。設(shè)備接地電阻需符合要求，確保金屬外殼接地可靠，防止因漏電引發(fā)觸電事故，尤其在潮濕環(huán)境中，接地保護更為重要。

　　The installation of electrical systems must comply with safety regulations. The power cord of the equipment should be selected with cables that meet the current carrying capacity requirements, laid in pipes and treated with waterproofing and fire prevention measures. The wiring terminals should be firmly connected to avoid electrical sparks caused by virtual connections. The control circuit needs to be equipped with overload protection and short-circuit protection devices. When the equipment experiences faults such as motor overload or filter blockage, it can automatically shut down and issue an alarm to prevent equipment damage or safety accidents. The electrical system between the welding operation area and the dust removal equipment should maintain a safe distance to avoid welding current interference with the equipment control circuit. If necessary, isolation transformers should be installed. The grounding resistance of the equipment must meet the requirements to ensure reliable grounding of the metal casing and prevent electric shock accidents caused by leakage. Especially in humid environments, grounding protection is more important.

　　濾料安裝與初期調(diào)試是保障除塵效率的關(guān)鍵。濾料需根據(jù)焊接煙塵類型選擇，焊接不銹鋼產(chǎn)生的煙塵含有腐蝕性成分，應(yīng)選用耐酸堿濾料；焊接碳鋼產(chǎn)生的煙塵溫度較高，需選用耐高溫濾料。濾料安裝時需確保與濾筒（或濾袋）框架貼合緊密，無褶皺、破損，濾筒兩端密封墊完好，防止未過濾的含塵氣流直接從縫隙排出。設(shè)備安裝完成后需進行空載試運行，檢查風機轉(zhuǎn)向是否正確、各部件運行是否平穩(wěn)、有無異常噪音。隨后進行負載測試，在焊接作業(yè)狀態(tài)下測量各吸氣口的風速和煙塵濃度，調(diào)整風機頻率或閥門開度，使各工位的煙塵捕捉率達到標準，確保車間內(nèi)煙塵濃度符合職業(yè)健康要求。

　　The installation and initial debugging of filter media are key to ensuring dust removal efficiency. The filter material should be selected according to the type of welding fumes. The fumes generated by welding stainless steel contain corrosive components, and acid and alkali resistant filter materials should be selected; The temperature of the smoke generated by welding carbon steel is relatively high, and high-temperature resistant filter media should be selected. When installing the filter material, it is necessary to ensure that it fits tightly with the frame of the filter cartridge (or filter bag), without wrinkles or damage, and that the sealing gaskets at both ends of the filter cartridge are intact to prevent unfiltered dusty airflow from being directly discharged from the gaps. After the installation of the equipment is completed, a no-load test run is required to check whether the fan direction is correct, whether each component runs smoothly, and whether there is any abnormal noise. Subsequently, load testing is conducted to measure the wind speed and smoke concentration at each suction port during welding operations. The fan frequency or valve opening is adjusted to ensure that the smoke capture rate at each workstation meets the standard, ensuring that the smoke concentration in the workshop meets occupational health requirements.

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