在工業(yè)涂裝流水線的高效運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)背后，設(shè)備能否穩(wěn)固安裝是關(guān)鍵所在。若設(shè)備固定不當(dāng)，不僅會(huì)影響涂裝質(zhì)量，還可能引發(fā)設(shè)備故障甚至安全隱患。要讓流水線設(shè)備 “站穩(wěn)腳跟”，需綜合運(yùn)用多種固定方法，從基礎(chǔ)處理到部件連接，每個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)都暗藏學(xué)問(wèn)。

　　Behind the efficient operation of industrial painting assembly lines, the stability of equipment installation is crucial. If the equipment is not properly fixed, it will not only affect the painting quality, but may also cause equipment failure and even safety hazards. To make the assembly line equipment stand firm, it is necessary to comprehensively use various fixing methods, from basic processing to component connection, with hidden knowledge in each link.

　　首先，地面基礎(chǔ)是設(shè)備固定的根基。在安裝前，需對(duì)地面進(jìn)行處理，確保其平整度和承載能力達(dá)標(biāo)。對(duì)于普通混凝土地面，若平整度不足，需使用水泥砂漿等材料進(jìn)行找平，避免設(shè)備安裝后出現(xiàn)傾斜。若承載要求較高，如大型噴涂機(jī)器人、重型烘干設(shè)備，還需對(duì)地面進(jìn)行加固。常見做法是澆筑鋼筋混凝土基礎(chǔ)，通過(guò)植入鋼筋增強(qiáng)地面的強(qiáng)度和韌性，使其能夠承受設(shè)備運(yùn)行時(shí)產(chǎn)生的振動(dòng)和壓力。在澆筑基礎(chǔ)時(shí)，要根據(jù)設(shè)備的安裝尺寸預(yù)留螺栓孔，為后續(xù)設(shè)備固定做準(zhǔn)備。

　　Firstly, the ground foundation is the foundation for fixing equipment. Before installation, the ground needs to be treated to ensure its flatness and load-bearing capacity meet the standards. For ordinary concrete floors, if the flatness is insufficient, materials such as cement mortar should be used for leveling to avoid tilting after equipment installation. If the load-bearing requirements are high, such as large spraying robots and heavy-duty drying equipment, the ground also needs to be reinforced. The common practice is to pour reinforced concrete foundation and enhance the strength and toughness of the ground by implanting steel bars, so that it can withstand the vibration and pressure generated during equipment operation. When pouring the foundation, bolt holes should be reserved according to the installation size of the equipment to prepare for subsequent equipment fixation.

　　對(duì)于中小型設(shè)備，地腳螺栓固定是常用的方式。先將設(shè)備吊運(yùn)至安裝位置，使其初步就位。然后將地腳螺栓穿過(guò)設(shè)備底座的螺栓孔，放入預(yù)先預(yù)留的螺栓孔中。使用螺母將地腳螺栓與設(shè)備底座初步固定，但不要擰緊。此時(shí)，借助水平儀對(duì)設(shè)備進(jìn)行水平度調(diào)整，通過(guò)在設(shè)備底座下加減墊片的方式，使設(shè)備達(dá)到水平狀態(tài)。待水平度調(diào)整完畢后，向螺栓孔內(nèi)灌注高強(qiáng)度無(wú)收縮灌漿料，這種材料能夠緊密填充螺栓孔與螺栓、設(shè)備底座之間的空隙，增強(qiáng)固定效果。待灌漿料凝固達(dá)到一定強(qiáng)度后，再按規(guī)定的扭矩?cái)Q緊螺母，將設(shè)備牢固地固定在地面上。

　　For small and medium-sized equipment, anchor bolt fixation is a commonly used method. First, lift the equipment to the installation position to preliminarily position it. Then thread the anchor bolts through the bolt holes on the equipment base and place them into the pre reserved bolt holes. Use nuts to preliminarily fix the anchor bolts to the equipment base, but do not tighten them. At this point, use a spirit level to adjust the levelness of the equipment by adding or removing shims under the equipment base to achieve a horizontal state. After the leveling adjustment is completed, pour high-strength non shrink grout into the bolt holes. This material can tightly fill the gaps between the bolt holes, bolts, and equipment bases, enhancing the fixing effect. After the grouting material solidifies to a certain strength, tighten the nut according to the specified torque and firmly fix the equipment on the ground.

　　大型設(shè)備由于重量大、運(yùn)行時(shí)振動(dòng)強(qiáng)，往往需要采用預(yù)埋鋼板固定。在澆筑地面基礎(chǔ)時(shí)，將預(yù)先加工好的鋼板按照設(shè)備安裝要求埋入混凝土中，鋼板上焊接錨固鋼筋，以增強(qiáng)與混凝土的結(jié)合力。設(shè)備安裝時(shí)，將設(shè)備底座與預(yù)埋鋼板通過(guò)焊接或高強(qiáng)度螺栓連接。焊接時(shí)，要保證焊縫的質(zhì)量，采用合適的焊接工藝和參數(shù)，確保焊縫均勻、牢固，無(wú)氣孔、夾渣等缺陷。使用高強(qiáng)度螺栓連接時(shí)，需嚴(yán)格按照設(shè)計(jì)要求控制螺栓的預(yù)緊力，通過(guò)扭矩扳手等工具確保每個(gè)螺栓的擰緊程度一致，使設(shè)備底座與預(yù)埋鋼板緊密貼合，共同抵御設(shè)備運(yùn)行時(shí)的各種作用力。

　　Due to their heavy weight and strong vibration during operation, large equipment often requires the use of pre embedded steel plates for fixation. When pouring the ground foundation, pre processed steel plates are embedded in the concrete according to the equipment installation requirements, and anchor steel bars are welded on the steel plates to enhance the bonding force with the concrete. When installing the equipment, connect the equipment base to the embedded steel plate through welding or high-strength bolts. When welding, it is necessary to ensure the quality of the weld seam, adopt appropriate welding processes and parameters, ensure that the weld seam is uniform, firm, and free of defects such as porosity and slag inclusion. When using high-strength bolts for connection, it is necessary to strictly control the pre tightening force of the bolts according to the design requirements. Tools such as torque wrenches should be used to ensure that the tightening degree of each bolt is consistent, so that the equipment base is tightly attached to the embedded steel plate to jointly resist various forces during equipment operation.

　　流水線中的輸送設(shè)備，如鏈條輸送機(jī)、皮帶輸送機(jī)，其固定方式需結(jié)合設(shè)備特點(diǎn)。對(duì)于鏈條輸送機(jī)，除了通過(guò)地腳螺栓將機(jī)架固定在地面外，還需對(duì)鏈條張緊裝置進(jìn)行固定。張緊裝置通常安裝在輸送機(jī)的末端，通過(guò)調(diào)整螺栓來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)鏈條的松緊度。固定時(shí)，要確保張緊裝置的安裝位置準(zhǔn)確，調(diào)節(jié)螺栓能夠靈活轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，且在設(shè)備運(yùn)行過(guò)程中不會(huì)因振動(dòng)而松動(dòng)。皮帶輸送機(jī)則要重點(diǎn)固定好驅(qū)動(dòng)滾筒、張緊滾筒和托輥支架。驅(qū)動(dòng)滾筒和張緊滾筒通過(guò)螺栓與機(jī)架牢固連接，托輥支架需與地面或機(jī)架可靠固定，保證皮帶在運(yùn)行過(guò)程中不會(huì)跑偏，且能承受物料的重量和輸送過(guò)程中的拉力。

　　The fixing method of conveying equipment in assembly lines, such as chain conveyors and belt conveyors, should be combined with the characteristics of the equipment. For chain conveyors, in addition to fixing the frame to the ground with anchor bolts, it is also necessary to secure the chain tensioning device. The tensioning device is usually installed at the end of the conveyor and adjusts the tightness of the chain by adjusting the bolts. When fixing, it is necessary to ensure that the installation position of the tensioning device is accurate, the adjusting bolt can rotate flexibly, and it will not loosen due to vibration during equipment operation. The belt conveyor should focus on fixing the drive drum, tension drum, and idler bracket. The driving drum and tensioning drum are firmly connected to the frame through bolts, and the roller bracket needs to be reliably fixed to the ground or frame to ensure that the belt will not deviate during operation and can withstand the weight of the material and the tension during transportation.

　　一些對(duì)安裝精度要求極高的設(shè)備，如自動(dòng)噴涂設(shè)備，在固定時(shí)還需考慮減震措施。可在設(shè)備底座與基礎(chǔ)之間安裝減震墊或減震器。減震墊一般由橡膠、聚氨酯等彈性材料制成，能夠有效吸收設(shè)備運(yùn)行時(shí)產(chǎn)生的振動(dòng)，減少振動(dòng)對(duì)設(shè)備精度和周邊環(huán)境的影響。減震器則具有更好的減震效果和調(diào)節(jié)功能，可根據(jù)設(shè)備的重量和振動(dòng)頻率進(jìn)行選擇和調(diào)整。安裝時(shí)，要確保減震墊或減震器均勻分布在設(shè)備底座下方，且與設(shè)備和基礎(chǔ)緊密接觸，保證減震效果的發(fā)揮。

　　Some equipment that requires extremely high installation accuracy, such as automatic spraying equipment, also need to consider shock absorption measures when fixing. Shock pads or shock absorbers can be installed between the device base and foundation. Shock absorbers are generally made of elastic materials such as rubber and polyurethane, which can effectively absorb the vibration generated during equipment operation, reduce the impact of vibration on equipment accuracy and surrounding environment. Shock absorbers have better shock absorption effects and adjustment functions, which can be selected and adjusted according to the weight and vibration frequency of the equipment. During installation, it is necessary to ensure that the shock pads or shock absorbers are evenly distributed under the equipment base and in close contact with the equipment and foundation to ensure the effectiveness of shock absorption.

　　工業(yè)涂裝流水線設(shè)備的固定是一項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)工程，從地面基礎(chǔ)處理到各類設(shè)備的針對(duì)性固定，再到減震等細(xì)節(jié)處理，每個(gè)步驟都環(huán)環(huán)相扣。只有采用合適的固定方法，嚴(yán)格把控安裝質(zhì)量，才能讓流水線設(shè)備穩(wěn)如泰山，為高質(zhì)量的涂裝生產(chǎn)保駕護(hù)航。

　　The fixation of industrial painting assembly line equipment is a systematic project, from ground foundation treatment to targeted fixation of various equipment, to detailed treatment such as shock absorption, each step is interrelated. Only by adopting proper fixing methods and strictly controlling the installation quality, can the assembly line equipment be as stable as Mount Tai and guarantee the high-quality coating production.

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